拔除上颌切牙病例的正畸治疗

目的探讨拔除上颌切牙及下颌双尖牙进行正畸治疗病例的正畸治疗特点。方法采用回顾性研究的方法，对11名由于各种原因需要拔除上颌切牙并同时需要拔除下颌双侧第一双尖牙进行正畸治疗的患者进行研究。用电子游标卡尺进行模型测量，通过模型测量计算Bolton指数分析该类患者拔牙治疗后上下颌牙量的协调性。并通过患者的正畸治疗总结该类患者的治疗特点及矫治要点。结果：该类患者治疗后的Bolton指数分别为前牙比79．71％、后牙比91．75％，虽大于正常均数，但差异不大。11名患者上下颌牙量的不调量在0．5—2．82mm间。结论：拔除上颌切牙及下颌双尖牙治疗的患者，上下颌牙量基本协调，恰当的正畸矫治可以使患者获得良好的矫治效果。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(三十三)——拔除第三磨牙的矫治设计

目的：探讨主动拔除第三磨牙矫治各类错的效果。方法：选取深圳市儿童医院口腔正畸科就诊的错畸形病例33例,设计主动拔除第三磨牙矫治错,其中男10例,女23例。均采用直丝弓矫治器矫治,分别采用三种支抗控制。结果：全部病例均达到尖牙和磨牙的中性关系,前牙覆覆盖正常,软组织侧貌协调。结论：通过主动拔除第三磨牙矫治错畸形可获得良好的矫治效果,并可保全28个牙齿。     

A prospective clinical study of bone augmentation techniques at immediate implants

The efficacy of combinations of membranes and autogenous bone grafts at immediate implants were compared in a prospective study. Sixty-two consecutively treated patients each received an immediate implant for a single tooth replacement at a maxillary anterior or premolar site. Dimensions of the peri-implant defect at the implant collar were measured as follows: vertical defect height (VDH), horizontal defect depth (HDD) and horizontal defect width (HDW). Each implant randomly received one of five augmentation treatments and were submerged with connective tissue grafts: Group 1 (n=12)--expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane only, Group 2 (n=11)--resorbable polylactide/polyglycolide copolymer membrane only, Group 3 (n=13)--resorbable membrane and autogenous bone graft; Group 4 (n=14)--autogenous bone graft only, and Group 5 (n=12)--no membrane and no bone graft control. At re-entry, all groups showed significant reduction in VDH, HDD and HDW. Comparisons between groups showed no significant differences for VDH (mean 75.4%) and HDD (mean 77%) reduction. Significant differences were observed between groups for HDW reduction (range, 34.1-67.3%), with membrane-treated Groups 1, 2 and 3 showing the greatest reduction. In the presence of dehiscence defects of the labial plate, HDW reduction of 66.6% was achieved with membrane use compared with 37.7% without membranes. Over 50% more labial plate resorption occurred in the presence of a dehiscence defect irrespective of the augmentation treatment used. The results indicate that VDH and HDD reduction at defects adjacent to immediate implants may be achieved without the use of membranes and/or bone grafts.     

氧化亚氮镇静复合神经阻滞麻醉在小儿埋伏牙拔除术中的应用

目的:观察氧化亚氮(N2O,笑气)镇静复合神经阻滞麻醉用于小儿埋伏牙拔除术的临床效果。方法:对64例应用氧化亚氮镇静复合神经阻滞麻醉拔除埋伏牙的小儿进行临床研究,测定笑气吸入前、后及手术中的心率(HR)、血压(BP)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),并进行Ramsay镇静评分,采用t检验数据进行统计学处理。结果:64例小儿均顺利完成拔牙术;吸入前、后和手术中心率、舒张压及脉搏氧相比,P>0.05;吸入前收缩压与吸入后收缩压、吸入前收缩压与术中收缩压相比,P<0.01;而吸入后收缩压与术中收缩压相比P>0.05;吸入前、后和手术中的Ramsay镇静评分相比,P>0.05。结论:氧化亚氮镇静复合神经阻滞麻醉具有很好的镇静作用,对于解除需拔除埋伏牙小儿的恐惧心理有良好的效果。     

拔牙创内植钛衣磁体及其与骨融合生长的动物试验

本试验设计将2.0×2.0×4.0mm长力体磁体外包一层厚0.5mm金属钛,制成3.0×3.0×5.0mm长方体钛衣磁体,置于犬拔牙创内,恢复牙槽嵴外形,牙龈缝合。两周后检查:拔牙创完全愈合,拔牙创部位牙槽嵴丰满,拍牙片示:钛衣磁体周围无骨质吸收及感染。三月后拍牙X片示:钛衣磁体与颌骨融合。前后测磁力强度无明显变化。一年后拍片示钛衣磁体与骨融合生长,测磁力强度稍减弱。本试验共做4只家犬8个牙位,均获得成功,无一牙失败。结论为:①拔牙创内有钛金属支架利于牙龈爬行生长。②磁体产生的磁场对骨生长愈合有促进作用。③颌骨保持原有高度和宽度,有利于义齿修复并有足够的支承力。④义齿基托内放置相应磁体增加其固位,有利于义齿功能。     

Post-extraction bleeding—An aid to diagnosis? Case report

Haemophilia A, the most common of bleeding disorders is characterzed by bruishing and spontaneous bleeding into the joints but may remain undiagnosed if present in the mild form. A case is discussed where episodes of bruising and joint sweelling as a child were misdiagnosed as rheumatic fever and the bleeding disorder was diagnosed following recurrent episodes of bleeding after extraction of an upper molar tooth.     

Post-extraction bleeding—An aid to diagnosis? Case report

Haemophilia A, the most common of bleeding disorders is characterzed by bruishing and spontaneous bleeding into the joints but may remain undiagnosed if present in the mild form. A case is discussed where episodes of bruising and joint sweelling as a child were misdiagnosed as rheumatic fever and the bleeding disorder was diagnosed following recurrent episodes of bleeding after extraction of an upper molar tooth.     

Prevalence of malocclusion in relation to premature loss of primary teeth

The influence of premature extraction of primary teeth. The influence of the site of extraction was analyzed by studying the frequency of malocclusion in the group of children with extraction in the mandible or maxilla only. It was found that early loss of primary teeth would result in an increased frequency of sagittal, vertical as well as transversal malocclusion. As a consequence the need for treatment would increase significantly by early extraction of primary teeth. Whereas extraction in the maxilla would tend to result in need for extraction of permanent teeth; extraction in the mandible would often lead to need for orthodontic treatment of longer duration. On the basis of these findings it could be concluded that maintaining a high standard of dental service for preschool children must be considered good economy, since the need for premature extractions is reduced.     

盐酸咪达唑仑镇静药在阻生智齿拔除术中应用的临床观察

目的观察马来酸咪达唑仑（midazolam HCl）静脉输注提高下颌阻生智齿拔除时患者舒适度的效果。方法50例双侧下颌阻生智齿拔除难度基本相同的患者，采用自身对照设计，一侧采用盐酸咪达唑仑低流量（平均流量0．042±0．010mg·kg^-1）静脉输入，另一侧空白对照。结果试验组焦虑视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale，VAS）平均得分21．4±12．2mm，疼痛VAS平均得分（6．92±9．50）mm，与对照组（35．9±18．2）mm；（16．4±12．4mm）比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0．000；P=0．000）。结论在拔除阻生智齿时，对轻度恐惧的患者应用盐酸咪达唑仑镇静，可以显著提高患者的舒适度。